TEE - long-axis view of the left ventricle.
RV: right ventricle, LV: left ventricle.
From the same view visualized in film 7, the use of pulsed Doppler of the mitral annulus allows recording of the protodiastolic (E wave) and end-diastolic (A wave) velocities of left ventricular filling. The appearance of restrictive flow (roughly, E wave at least twice as fast as A wave) is suggestive of abnormally high pulmonary venous pressure. However, in the end the appearance of the flow contributes little to hemodynamic evaluation of a patient as too many parameters are likely to change it (ventilation, heart rate, for example). |
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