Echocardiographic views - Film n°1

TTE - apical four-chamber view.

RV: right ventricle, LV: left ventricle, RA: right atrium, LA: left atrium. This view reveals the apex and the lateral wall of the left ventricle as well as the interventricular septum. It shows the free wall of the right ventricle at the level of its filling chamber.
This view can be used to (i) evaluate any dilatation of the right ventricle by calculating the ratio between the end-diastolic areas of the RV and LV, the normal value being below 0.6; (ii) measure the end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes of the left ventricle and thereby to deduce its ejection fraction. The simplest method of measurement is probably the area-length method, V = 8 A² / 3 Pi L,where A is the area and L the long axis from the plane of the mitral annulus to the apex of the left ventricle.

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